Social-ecological systems refer to the complex interactions and interdependencies between social and ecological systems. This research area seeks to understand how human activities and behaviors impact the environment, and how environmental changes in turn affect human societies. It involves studying the connections between social systems (such as communities, organizations, and governments) and ecological systems (such as ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources) in order to develop sustainable and resilient management strategies. Research in social-ecological systems often involves interdisciplinary approaches, drawing on fields such as ecology, sociology, economics, and geography. The goal is to better understand the dynamics of these interconnected systems and how they can be managed to support both human well-being and environmental health. Studies in this area may focus on topics such as resource management, climate change adaptation, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable development. Overall, social-ecological systems research aims to provide insights and solutions for addressing complex environmental challenges in a rapidly changing world.